Which of the following joints is associated with the shoulder?

The shoulder joint is classified as a ball and socket joint, which is characterized by a rounded end of one bone that fits into a cup-like socket of another bone. This design allows for a wide range of motion in multiple directions, making it one of the most flexible joints in the body. The shoulder joint consists primarily of the glenohumeral joint, where the humerus (the upper arm bone) fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade). This structure enables various movements, such as raising the arm, reaching, and rotation.

In contrast, other types of joints listed have distinct characteristics and limitations. Hinge joints permit movement in one plane, primarily allowing flexion and extension, like the elbow. Pivot joints allow for rotational movement around a single axis, such as the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae, enabling the head to rotate. Fixed joints, or immovable joints, are those that do not allow any movement, such as the sutures in the skull, which are fused and provide stability. Each joint type has a specific function and movement capability, but it is the ball and socket joint that defines the range of motions found in the shoulder.